Biography Thier

Up to a year, Thier was known as an opposition journalist and historian. After the entry into the throne of Louis Philip, Tier was appointed a member of the State Council, and in the year - the Minister of Internal Affairs in the Sulta government; While in this post, Thier brutally suppressed the uprisings of the year in Paris and Lyon.

In the year and in March-October, Thier was the chairman of the Council of Ministers and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In connection with the Egyptian crisis of the years, Thier, who "loved in the face of Europe, to wave the sword of Napoleon I" K. Marx, led France to a state of isolation and a major foreign policy defeat in the eastern issue, see the London Convention of the Year.

X years, Thier resigned, losing to the Minister of Foreign Affairs to his old rival GIZO in the years of Thier was the leader of the reactionary "Party of Order". After the Bonapartist coup 2. XII cm. Napoleon III Thier was sent from France for a short time; He returned to active participation in political life when he was elected to the legislative corps and headed a moderate monarchical opposition there.

When the second empire fell, Thier was sent by the Government of National Defense to Petersburg, London, Vienna and Florence to achieve diplomatic support of France. The trip of Thiera through the European capitals almost did not give results. After the conclusion of a ceasefire with Prussia, January, the National Assembly elected Thiers by the head of the executive branch. The II year of the Third Government has concluded a preliminary peace treaty in Versailles.

Prussia was received by Alsace, Eastern Lorraine and 5 billion. Immediately, following the signing of the Versailles agreement, Tier took up the suppression of the revolutionary movement in the country. His attempt to disarm the working people of Paris caused a universal uprising in the capital of III and the formation of the Paris Commune. Thier immediately turned for help against his people to the Prussians, the final world with whom he had not yet been signed.

The close cooperation of Thier and Bismarck began in the struggle against the commune. According to the Rouen Convention concluded with Prussia, Thier received the right to increase the French army with 40 thousand. In addition, Bismarck agreed to release several tens of thousands of French soldiers from captivity. Having betrayed the interests of France, Thier easily agreed to a significant deterioration in the conditions of the Versailles Preliminar Treaty; In exchange for this, Bismarck subjected the blockade that rebelled Paris and freely missed the Troops of the Versailles through the Prussian lines.

The Frankfurt Peace Treaty of the Year V is characteristic of the foreign policy activity of Thier, which, according to Marx, has always "led to the extreme humiliation of France." Thier was the organizer of the brutal reprisal of the French bourgeoisie over the defenders of the Paris Commune. In August, Thier was elected President of France. V years, he resigned. Diplomatic Dictionary.

Vyshinsky and S. Thier Thiers, Adolf, a member of the French Academy in the year, Tier moved from ex -ex -where he was a lawyer to Paris. He collaborated in the liberal-bourgeois newspapers "Constitutionnel" and others. Together with A. Carrelem and F. Minier, his closest and political like-minded person in January of the year founded the newspaper Naconal. He edited and signed among other opposition journalists a protest by the July Ordonces of the Year.

He contributed to the entry into the throne of Louis Philip of Orleans. In the year, Tier became a member of the State Council, from year to beginning of the year - Deputy Minister of Finance, in the years with a break - the Minister of Internal Affairs, in February -August of the year and the March -October of the year headed the government, simultaneously occupying the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Being during the restoration of one of the leaders of the liberal -bourgeois opposition, Thier after the July Revolution turned into an extremely reactionary bourgeois policy: in April, he organized the brutal suppression of republican uprisings in Lyon, Paris and other cities of the particularly brutal reprisal against Paris - the so -called Transnonnenskoye massacre, supported the anti -democratic laws against the years against the years.

Freedom of the press, against the republican movement. In the year, Tier was forced to leave the post of chairman of the Council of Ministers due to disagreements with the king on the issue of supporting the Egyptian Pasha Muhammad Ali, who opposed the Turkish Sultan, see Egyptian crises. In the February days of the year, Louis Philip tried to put Thiera at the head of the government.

Thier advised the king to withdraw troops from Paris to prevent their transition to the side of the revolution. In June, Thier was elected a deputy of the Constituent Assembly. In the days of the June uprising of the year, he played for the dictatorship of General L. soon Thier headed the monarchical "Party of Order". In years he took part in the development of laws on the transfer of public education under the control of the clergy, on the restriction of suffrage.

After the Bonapartist coup on December 2, Thier was expelled from France lived in Belgium, England, Italy, Switzerland, returned to his homeland in the year. In the year, Thier was elected as a deputy of the legislative corps, where he joined the moderately liberal opposition.In July, he spoke out against the war with Prussia, referring to the military unpreparedness of France.

After the fall of the Second Empire on September 4, Thier was sent by the “Government of National Defense” to London, Petersburg, Vienna and Florence for negotiations on the support of France by other powers in the war against Prussia and their mediation in the conclusion of the world, but did not succeed. In early February, he was elected deputy of the National Assembly and was appointed head of the executive branch in the same month.

The Thief government has concluded a pre -alignant peace treaty with Prussia February, humiliating for France. The reactionary policy of the Third Government led to a sharp exacerbation of the political situation in Paris and some other cities of France. Twer’s attempt to disarm the working quarters of the capital caused a revolutionary uprising on March 18, which led to the proclamation of the Parisian commune of the year.

Thier fled to Versailles. Having enlisted the support of the German government, Thier with exceptional cruelty suppressed the Paris commune, gaining his shameful glory of the bloody executioner of Kommunarov. Marx gave in the “Civil War in France” to destroy the characterization of Thiers, see Marx and F. Engels, op. Thier has concluded several external loans to pay the military indemnity of Germany.

In domestic politics, he was an ardent opponent of any progressive reforms, dismissed the National Guard, opposed universal and compulsory secular primary education, defended protectionist customs policy. In May of the year, a sharp conflict between the Thier arose between the Third -Third Government and the monarchical majority of the National Assembly, taking into account the political situation, the commitment of the majority of the population to the republic, and opposed the restoration of the monarchy.

On this, the political career of Thiera actually ended. True, in the year he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the year joined the group of deputies who expressed distrust of Bolee's office. In historiography, Thier is one of the creators, along with O. Thierry, F. Gizo, F. Minnier of the new direction that recognizes the struggle of the classes “in this work, Thief gave a detailed presentation of events based on a large actual material.

He sharply condemned the royal court, feudal aristocracy, counter -revolutionary emigrants, but at the same time extremely hostilely spoke about the revolutionary speeches of the masses. The philosophical and historical concept of Thier is characterized by admiration for success: he is always on the side of the winner. In his book, he expressed sympathy at first to the Fellyans, then the Girondins and, finally, the Termidorians.

He was negative about the Jacobins, but nevertheless he justified their cool measures against the Girondins, the work of Thiera was sharply criticized by E. after the July Revolution of Thier, which turned from a moderate liberal into a fierce reactionary, began to process his “history of the French Revolution” in a frankly reactionary spirit, which was reactionary, which was released during his lifetime, dates back to years.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. Tom Next Read: Prosper Olivier Lissaga. The history of the Paris Commune G. May “Bloody Week”, the last battles of the defenders of the Paris Commune of the year with the troops of the Versailles government on May 21-28.