Homers biography

Ivan Fedorov, a talented storyteller, often performed during the nobility feasts, attended city meetings, orator in markets and squares. According to many sources, Greece during the life of Homer was at the peak of the heyday, so the storyteller gave an incredible pleasure to travel from city to city and read fragments of their works. Homer joyfully met, provided an overnight stay, food.

Outwardly, he was not like a poor wanderer, looking for a refuge, as biographers and artists sometimes represent him in his writings. The ancient Greeks liked the performances of Homer, and many believe that this is not by chance: there is an assumption that the poet came from the family of singers and inherited the talent of the impact on the audience from his ancestors, used the performance manner of his family clan.

The formation of the poet is no less interesting stories of how Homer became a poet. The most mysterious versions belong to Herodotus Galicarnassky, called Cicero, the “father of history”. He told that Homer was named with Melesigen, he spent his childhood next to his mother in Smirna, where he studied with the owner of the Femia school. The boy was distinguished by a warehouse of mind, eloquence, quickly and really comprehended science.

Dying, the teacher bequeathed to his beloved student his school. For some time, Melezigen himself worked at school and taught other children, and then the inexplicable secrets of the universe of the universe, and the young man caught fire to expand the ideas about the structure of the world, but he, of course, could not do it on his own. Seeing the fire of the desire to comprehend the new in the eyes of Melesigen, Menets, a native of the island of Lefkada, took pity on him.

Melesigen decided to close the school for a while and, together with Menes, went on his ship on the first sea trip, thanks to which he saw many cities and countries. Traveling, the former teacher not only admired the beauties and features of new places, but also collected local legends, traditions and history, was interested in the customs and traditions of different peoples.

Stopping in Itak, the collector of the legends caught a cold, and Menes was forced to leave him and swim further alone, while instructed Melesigen to a reliable person who went out. Melyzigen continued further wandering on foot. On the way, he told the heard stories and replenished the piggy bank with new, no less interesting and exciting. The version of Herodotus Galicarnassky says that blindness overtook the storyteller in the colofon.

There he took the new name Homer and then gained a gift from writing. This story is criticized by modern researchers, like many other versions belonging to ancient authors and telling about how Homer became a poet. Moreover, the fact that these works reached us in its original form, as the author once created them, were not criticized. In the year, J. Viliason published comments on the Iliad, which exceeds the volume of the work itself.

This publication prompted the thoughts that many lines from the work were once borrowed from ancient philologists: Zenodot, Aristophanes and Aristarchus. The similarities in the Iliad were not rejected, but marked, but later it was concluded that Homer's song was created much later, since there was no writing during the life of the author, and to compose a work of such volume, guided only by memory, is almost impossible.

Friedrich Augustus Wolf in the book “Priest to Homer” published a hypothesis that both works changed significantly over time, moving from the storyteller to the storyteller. It turns out that it is simply impossible to say that both the Iliad and the Odyssey belong to the authorship of one specific person. Finally, the Iliad formed and took a form similar to the modern in the VI century BC.

According to the notes of ancient authors, among them, Cicero, the poems were collected together not by chance, but by order of the Athenian tyrant of Pisistrat or his son Hipparchus. Based on various assumptions, it is impossible to come to a clear conclusion about when and how exactly both works were formed. Karl Lahman claimed that the Iliad was born from several small songs.

Gottfried Hermann opposed this point of view and insisted that the basis of each poem was one short song, which later “grew”. Research work on two poems reckoned by Homer's authorship was conducted for more than one century. In the year, Friedrich Augustus Wolf, a theory with the symbolic name “Homeric question” was published. The essence of the point of view prompted to think that during the time of Homer's life, poetry existed orally and was oral art.

A blind man could hardly compose such a sophisticated work of art in structure. The most likely of Homer's compositions are short songs, epics, which served as the basis for the Iliad and Odyssey.But the poems owe their finished artistic form to other authors who have folded them into pieces and arranged parts in a certain sequence. In connection with the contrasting points of view about the root of the origin of two ancient Greek poems known to the whole world, analysts of ancient creativity were divided into two groups, those who received the names of “analysts” supporters of the idea of ​​Wolf and “toytaria” adhering the point of view about the strict unity of the epic.

The artistic features of one of the vivid meaningful features of the Iliad consider a violation of the law of chronological compatibility. The narrative in the work of Homer does not return to the place where it takes its origins. Therefore, the conclusion is quite fair that the Homer song technique has an exceptionally linear structure. Which leads to a distortion of events: what is happening simultaneously, the song is stated sequentially or one event is completely excluded.

This can explain some inconsistencies in the plot of the poem. Modern literary critics, engaged in the study of poetics of ancient and modern storytellers, reveal common features. For example, all big works are a continuous story, whose singing requires more than a dozen hours. In such works, storytellers list in detail the names of the cities, the composition of the heroes, the list of exploits and battles.

At the same time, a certain plot associated with the biography of the protagonist is completely absent in the world culture of how great the influence of the Iliad and Odyssey on the ancient Greeks can be understood, comparing with how the Bible influenced Jews. The classical education of ancient Greece was built on the study of Homer's poems. They were memorized by heart, discussed.

Subsequently, the Romans borrowed this system, but instead of Homer's works, they read Virgil, as they considered themselves descendants of the defeated Trojans. In the post -Classical era, poems in the Homeric Lada using dialects began to be created. Almost all works of ancient literature were created under the influence of two poems of Homer. Homer knew a lot about Homer in Byzantium, where his work was studied along with local authors.

The image of Homer introduced Dante Aligieri into his “Divine Comedy”. The storyteller enters the first circle of hell, as he was a good -natured non -Christian. The work on the translation of the Iliad was engaged in M. And the first full translation was completed by Yermil Kostrov in the year. Also, the translation of the texts of Homer was engaged in V. Zhukovsky, V. Death and perpetuating the memory of Homer's personal life, nothing is known.

And it is not even composed of legends on this subject. But the issue of death worried historians has long and does not leave one to this day. As with birth versions, Homer's departure from life gave rise to many legends and stories. The most popular tells that, being the old, the blind wanderer went to the homeland of his mother, the island of Jos. During the trip, he met two fishermen who made such a riddle: "We have what we did not catch and what was caught, we threw it." The sage thought for a very long time on the puzzle and did not find an answer.

It turned out that these people caught lice, not fish, as the elder thought. Having annoyed his inconsistency, Homer hastened to leave, but suddenly slipped, fell and turned his head very much. Then he died suddenly.

The monument to Homer another version says that Homer survived from his mind, and for him it was much worse than death, so he graduated from suicide. Among the large number of Homer biographies, it is difficult to find one that would not contain fabulous elements and dubious facts. Homer left not only a bright mark in literature and history. In honor of him, a crater on Mercury was named.