Knee biography

Maintaining good cartilage condition and physical activity annually thousands of people receive damage to the articular cartilage of the knee, shoulder, thigh and other joints, and regardless of the cause, the effect is the same: the pain that interferes or makes it impossible to conduct an active lifestyle that you would like to enjoy. Unfortunately, injuries are too often in very young people to offer them alloplasty endoprosthetics.

Therefore, many people have been living with constant pain for years. Some of them do not even remember the time when their knee did not pull and did not prick at every step, climbing the stairs or with a short run. Fortunately, today there are new methods of treatment, and many of them have appeared in the last five years. What is cartilage? The cartilage is solid, but at the same time elastic fabric.

Matrix is ​​strictly ordered and built from several types of protein called collagen, as well as proteoglycans and non -stolgen proteins. Simply put, proteoglycans and non -stolgen proteins are connected to the collagen network. Such a small number of cells should support the corresponding amount and composition of the matrix, without which the cartilage becomes inferior and wear out quickly.

Water, which is attracted by negatively charged glycosaminoglycans, fills the molecular frame. Matrix is ​​created and supported by a group of cartilaginous cells suspended in it, called chondrocytes and origin from the mesenchyma - connective tissue present in embryos. The cartilage does not contain blood vessels, nor nerves, nor the lymphatic system, and nutrients in it diffuse through a matrix of synovial fluid - that is, it is not blood cartilage, but a synovial fluid.

Therefore, it is so important that the synovial fluid contains the appropriate substances for nutrition of the cartilage - what we can currently affect due to the use of special intra -articular injections under ultrasound control. There are three main types of cartilage: vitreous hyalin, elastic mesh and fibrous. They have various characteristics that correspond to their specific functions in the body, so that this type of cartilage is the most suitable for the corresponding place.

The hyaline cartilage is in the joints, the nasal septum of the separating nostril and the trachea. The elastic cartilage containing elastic fibers, which makes it more flexible, is located in the ear, parts of the nose and the trachea. The fibrous type of cartilage is located in special cartilage pads called meniscuses, which help in the distribution of body weight and reduction of friction, for example, in the knee.

In the joints, the vitreous cartilage forms a mm membrane with a very low coefficient of friction, which covers the surfaces of the bones. The shell allows the bones to move relative to each other in the joint, performing movements, and at best persists for life. It also serves as a shock absorber of shock loads in the joint. The cartilage is a highly ordered structure that does not have vessels, and it is very difficult to restore or cure it if it is damaged or worn out.

Damage to any part of this complex system can disrupt its functional properties: if joint cartilage is damaged, this can lead to further damage to the joint-a degenerative disease. If the cartilage of the trachea is damaged, this can lead to difficulty breathing. If the cartilage of the ear or nose is damaged - this can be a cosmetic defect. Causes of cartilage damage: trauma-mechanical damage for example, bruise or dislocation of the knee joint, bruise or dislocation of the shoulder, etc.

instability occurs due to dysfunction of the ligaments, for example, ACL Anterior Crucial Ligament-the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee joint or its absence after the resection-as a result of the knee dislocation or against the background Degenerative changes incorrect joint axis, abnormal biomechanics of the joint, for example, valgus and varous deformation of the overload knee - excessive physical activity, especially for many years, which leads to wear - mainly among athletes; Excess body weight leads to excessive pressure on the joint surfaces of a long immobilization of the joint and insufficient motor activity - cartilage, like a fabric devoid of blood vessels and nerves, is powered!

The synovial fluid should contain the necessary nutrients. Systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout. If the cartilage is damaged or worn, the joint becomes painful and tough, its mobility is limited. In a chronic degenerative disease, the hyaline cartilage can be fully spent, leaving the joint joint without depreciation. This leads to the fact that the bones rub against each other.

Osteophytes, otherwise called exostosis, can form along the edges of the joints due to increased pressure on the ends of the bones. This leads to significant pain, loss of mobility and weakening of the function. Damage can begin with local erosion of cartilage.If the damage is not treated, most likely, over time it will progress until the entire surrounding cartilage is destroyed.

Since the cartilage has a minimal ability to self -healing, even minor damage, if they are not treated, can lead to the destruction of the joint surface and osteoarthritis. That is why it is so important to diagnose cartilage damage as soon as possible and begin treatment. What is the "repair" of cartilage? In recent years, world medicine has reached great progress in the treatment of articular cartilage.

Damage, still considered irreversible and progressive, NM manages to more and more efficiently brake and partially restore. Thanks to this, we can extend the time to possible treatment with alloplasty with endoprosthetics or even completely avoid such treatment. To do this, we have conservative and surgical methods. Conservative treatment: accurate intra -articular injections, often under ultrasound control of hyaluronic acid preparations, modern biological therapy with injections of plasma platelet platelets, PRP Platselets Rich Plasma with a high content of natural growth factors, which cause biological tissue regeneration.

Injections are performed under the control of an ultrasound for the desired accuracy that determines high efficiency - learn more about therapy of PRP PRP Platselets Rich Plasma platelets with natural growth factors - click here. The latest, unusually effective therapy - find out more - click here. At the site of the defect, an scar made of connective tissue and the inferior fibrous cartilaginous tissue arthroscopic microfracture-drilling into the bones of several small holes to stimulate the flow of blood and, as a result, the growth of growth factors with inferior fibrous bone-cherry transplantation, as a result, in the bloodstream of the defect-in the place of the defect-in the place of the defect-at the site We transplant your own fragment of the cartilage, taken from the patient from the surface of the joint, not subjected to loads, reconstructive orthopedics: modern reconstruction of cartilage using special membranes, under which the PRP PRP PLASMA PRP PRP PRPA PLASMA is injected.

Chondrocytes - a procedure in two stages: during the first procedure, take a small amount of healthy cartilage, send to the laboratory that multiplies chondrocytes. During the second procedure, chondrocytes are transplanted using the corresponding lining to the place of the cartilage defect, making it possible to reconstruct fabric, the maximum normal glass cartilage.

The final result of treatment depends on the correct classification of the patient to a certain type of surgical treatment, the correctness of the operation itself, and a narrowly directed professional rehabilitation. The choice of the method depends on the size and localization of the defect. Large cavities are usually treated with autological transplantation of chondrocytes or bone-cord transplantation of the allograph, both of these methods require the execution of open incisions.

Smaller defects in specific places can be treated with the help of bone marrow stimulation techniques, autological impressions of chondrocytes and bone-cheat autotransplantation. Intra -articular injections are also used, which we perform under ultrasound control containing growth factors or stem cells.