The biography of Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant - the biography of Immanuel Kant - a German philosopher, founded a German classical philosophy, lived in the era of education and romanticism. Immanuila Kant was considered an letter and pedant. He never married, although he was always surrounded by beautiful women. He carried the principles of moral perfection into the people. He used honor at court, but they did not experience any special love and favor for it.

For two weeks after his death, the inconsolable fellow countrymen said goodbye to the brilliant philosopher, but after only six months, some merchant had already ruled in his house, who turned the home into a cafe. His name is placed on a par with Aristotle and Plato, his books became the basis for the development of philosophical teachings on a global scale. Childhood hometown of Immanuel Kant - Koenigsberg.

He was born on April 22 and lived in it all his life until his death. The father of the future luminar of philosophy was the name of Johann George Kant, he was a artisan-senior. Mom - Anna Regina, was engaged in the house and raised twelve children. Immanuel became the fourth child, many of his brothers and sisters died in infancy. Three sisters and two brothers managed to survive.

The childhood of Immanuil passed in a small house, which completely burned down during a fire in the M century. Kant spent the youthful years among ordinary artisans and workers who lived on the outskirts of Königsberg. The historians could not definitely find out who the great philosopher was by nationality. Some argued that the ancestors on the paternal line lived in Scotland, but this information remained unconfirmed.

Relatives around the mother lived in the German city of Nuremberg. The boy’s parents laid the foundations of the spiritual education of the son, they themselves were deeply believers and belonged to the Lutheran Church, and more precisely, to its special course - pietism. The teaching consisted in the fact that a person is constantly in front of the Lord, therefore must observe personal piety.

It was my mother who instilled in the children the basics of religion, introduced them to the beauty of the world. The sermons in the church and the classes at which they studied the Bible, Anna Regina attended with her children. Quite often, in the house of the Kant, one could meet Doctor of Theology Franz Schulz, who noticed the extraordinary abilities of Immanuel in the study of the Bible, and also the ability to express and defend his own judgments.

The boy was 8 when his mother brought him to the best Koenigsberg school. It was a gymnasium to them. Frederick, and it was recommended by Schulz as an educational institution. He sat at the school desk in the year and spent eight years there. The lessons began at seven o’clock and lasted until nine. The main objects were dilapidated and new covenants, theology, geography, Latin, Greek and German.

The study of philosophy began in high school, and Immanuel always said that this subject was studied incorrectly. It was possible to engage in mathematics only for money, besides, if the student had a desire. Parents have already seen a son in a priest’s dignity, but the boy studied Latin with great interest and dreamed of becoming a teacher of literature in the future.

In addition, the students of the religious school had to obey the strict rules and morals of this institution, but Kant really did not like it. Immanuel never had good health, but showed excellent success in study, all thanks to natural quick wits and remarkable mental abilities. At the age of thirteen, the boy lost his mother. She was sick for a long time and could not recover.

The family powered a miserable existence, Kant often needed the most elementary. He practically starved, and did not refuse the help of richer classmates. It happened that he had nothing to put on, then he borrowed his friends with his friends, and he went to a lecture. The young man found salvation in philosophy, he believed that things should obey a person, and not vice versa.

At 16, Kant became a student at the University of Koenigsberg. It is there that he meets the teacher Martin Knutzen, the pietist and the Wolfian, who discovered Kant of the teachings of Isaac Newton, who had a tremendous influence on the young man. Kant studied very well, despite material difficulties. He preferred physics, mathematics, philosophy. Theology did not become his favorite subject, so he visited only one lesson, and then out of gratitude to Pastor Schultz.

The philosophy, according to scientists, the biography of Kant consists of two periods - pre -script and critical. In the pre -critical period, Kant's philosophical thought began to form, he slowly got rid of the influence of the teachings of Christian Wolf, which in those years occupied dominant positions in Germany. In the critical period, the philosopher offers metaphysics to science, creates a new teaching based on the activity of consciousness.

Kant wrote his first essay called “Thoughts about the True Assessment of Living Forces” during the years of study at the university. A great influence on him was exerted by teacher Knutsen. The work fell into print only in M, thanks to the efforts and material support of Uncle Richter.Immanuel did not receive a university diploma. Father died in the year, taking care of the material well -being of the family fell on his shoulders.

Kant finds the work of a home teacher and has been teaching children from wealthy families for a long ten years. The young man devoted all his free time to the writing of philosophical works, which later became the basis of his teaching. In M, the philosopher returns to his native university. Its goal is to defend the dissertation "On the Fire" and obtaining the degree of a master.

In the fall of the same year, he presented his new work “New Lighting of the first principles of metaphysical knowledge” and became a doctor of science. Now he has the right to teach at the university and immediately took advantage of this opportunity. He taught students logic and metaphysics. The scientists called the most interesting work of the first period of the philosophical activity of Kant, "universal natural history and theory of heaven." It states the history of the origin of the universe, from the point of view of physics, not theology.

In the same period, Kant began to study the theory of space in terms of physics. He believed that the highest mind exists, and it was he who laid the foundation for life on Earth.

Immanuel said that the existence of matter proves the existence of God. He believed that their creator must be behind material things. It is this thought that is reflected in his work called "the only possible basis for the proof of the existence of God." The beginning of the critical period of Kant's philosophical work was in the years of teaching logic and metaphysics at the university.

The scientist's hypotheses changed gradually. At first, he revised his attitude to space and time. This period of Kant's biographers was called criticism. During these years, he studied ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, wrote his most outstanding works that formed the basis of world teaching. In M, the scientific biography of the philosopher expanded with the most fundamental work called “Criticism of the Pure Reason”, where he explains what a categorical imperative is.

They may be familiar.