The biography of Manovsky

Makovsky Konstantin artist, famous for historical canvases, visited both the Wanderer and the academician. Extremely fashionable and successful, he was often subjected to reproaches of critics for maneousness and indulgence of the taste of the public. Nevertheless, in his best works, Makovsky masterfully showed his natural talent and rightfully entered the cohort of the best Russian painters of the 19th century.

The childhood and youth of Konstantin Makovsky has already largely predetermined the subsequent biography of Konstantin Makovsky. He was born on June 20 on July 20 in Moscow in the family of accountant Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky and his wife Lyubov Kornilovna, nee Mololenhauer. Makovsky lived in an atmosphere of admiration for art: the head of the family collected paintings and engravings, painted himself, his wife had a good voice.

Among the regulars of the house were K. Bryullov, V. Tropinin, M. Scotti, and the father’s love for painting was completely transmitted to the children. In addition to Constantine, two of his brothers and sister became famous artists. At the age of 12, Konstantin entered the school of painting and sculpture of the Moscow Art Society, to the organization of which his father put his hand.

The boy studied in the classroom of the famous portrait painter S. Zaryanko, who in every possible way encouraged creative thinking among his students. The location and ratio of figures according to the method of Zaryanko was not mandatory, as required by the classic composition. A similar approach, according to the teacher, helped young artists to form an independent view of their works.

It is not surprising that many prominent movements came out of the school-V. Perov, I. Shishkin, A. Savrasov and others. Having graduated from the school, in the year Makovsky went to St. Petersburg in order to improve in anatomical drawing and compositions at the Imperial Academy of Arts. His talent appeared immediately. Each year of Makovsky’s work on biblical, mythological or historical topics, a gold or silver medal was awarded, that is the need to depict real life and the limitations of classic plots, in the year, the famous “Riot of fourteen” refused to write competition work for a large gold medal and a six -year -old pension for a trip to Europe at the proposed academy at the proposed academy theme.

Among the disagreements was Konstantin Makovsky. The work of Konstantin Makovsky, despite the loud scandal that reached the emperor, the refuseniks received diplomas of cool artists and organized the St. Petersburg artel artists. The purpose of the community, which subsequently became the core of the Motracial Partnership, was declared mutual assistance in the promotion and implementation of paintings written by artisans.

In e and eg. Konstantin Makovsky concentrated on household painting, and also wrote to order portraits in the salon manner. Among his works of that period, it is worth noting the “herring”, “folk walk during Shrovetide”, “revenge” from the very beginning of his artistic career, Makovsky showed a craving for multi -figure compositions and spectacular images, which not only proved his excellent training, but also was successful with the public.

After traveling to Egypt in the middle of the xg. The storast eatery nature of the artist demanded recognition from him in the highest circles and rich customers, and in this field Makovsky achieved incredible results. He became the favorite artist of Emperor Alexander II, and his brush had the highest price in the market. Makovsky blamed that for the sake of wealth he began to indulge in average tastes and exchanged his talent for spectacular, entertaining, but empty works.

Makovsky himself admitted that a strong love of life prevented him from completely surrendering to art, and yet some paintings of Makovsky - Khg. First of all, this is a grandiose canvas “Minin on the Square of Nizhny Novgorod, calling the people to donations”, on which the artist worked in his Parisian workshop for several years and finished in the year.

It should be noted that Makovsky was popular not only among the domestic public. His paintings "Boyar Wedding Feast" and "Under the Academy" caused delight in Europe. They saw a masterfully executed documentary reconstruction of the long -standing past of the Moscow state. In –e gg. Makovsky wrote many portraits of idealized Russian beauties, because of the best in this series, one of his last paintings “Behind Tea”, dated to the year.

Konstantin Makovsky, Konstantin Makovsky, led the family and personal life of Konstantin Makovsky in his youth, a careless and even rampant life, which were considered beautiful players and champagne pouring the river with indispensable attributes. A prominent, amorous, ardent and with money, already in his student years, the young man had an illegitimate child - her daughter Natalia, whom he recognized only two decades later.

In the year, the first wife of the artist was Elena Timofeevna Burkova, the illegitimate daughter of the Minister of the Imperial Court of Count V.The fragile and delicate girl managed to bring the measured and peace to the life of the previous hang, but Elena Timofeevna's early death from tuberculosis in the year again destroyed family comfort. Very little is known about the woman: she received an education in Switzerland, tried herself on the theater stage under the stage pseudonym Cherkasov.

The only son Vladimir, born in this marriage, died in infancy. The second time, Makovsky married summer Julia Pavlovna Poykova, a noblewoman by origin. His chosen one was 20 years younger and incredibly good. The marriage lasted about a year, when Makovsky, who was carried away by another woman, left his family. This was a great shock for Julia Pavlovna, she did not give her husband a divorce for a long time.

After the revolution, she emigrated to France, where she lived a long life and died in a year. In this marriage, four children were born, among which the famous figures of the Silver Age of the poet and literary critic Sergei Konstantinovich Makovsky and the artist and sculptor Elena Konstantinovna Luksh-Makovskaya can be called. Makovsky’s third wife was Maria Alekseevna Matavtina.

Despite the difference in the age of 30, she adored her chosen one, and somewhat reminiscent of his first wife. Before the year, the couple was able to legitimize their relationship, the novel lasted eight years. Maria Alekseevna gave birth to an artist of four more children - sons of Konstantin and Nikolai and daughters Olga and Marina. The death and funeral of Konstantin Makovsky invariably maintained boiling energy and even in old age continued to work hard, but on September 17, the tragic news flashed through Petrograd: “A professor of painting, the actual state adviser K.

Makovsky died as a result of a road accident. ” On the corner of Sadovaya and Nevsky Prospekt Kucher, who ruled the artist’s crew, could not hold the horse when she was frightened of the tram and suffered. Makovsky threw it onto the pavement, and the summer painter received a fatal injury to his head. The funeral took place at the Nikolsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Unfortunately, the artist’s grave has not been preserved to this day. The well -known works of Konstantin Makovsky, the first picture to glorify Makovsky, was the genre canvas “Folk Guy during Shrovetide on Admiralty Square in St. Petersburg” written in the year. The crowded crowd, which the artist loved and knew how to portray, attracts attention with his dangling, festivity and lifelessness.

Subsequently, the first picture was amazing at the fancifulness of the outfits and carved patterns of architectural details and the “Bulgarian martyrs” and “Bulgarian martyrs”. The second, created during the Russo-Turkish war-gg. It is noteworthy is the work of Makovsky “in the artist’s workshop”, also known as “little thief” - dated year, it depicts a three -year -old son of a painter, reaching for a vase with fruits.

In general, family portraits make up a separate layer of artist's work. Makovsky is a wonderful portrait, but not alien to romanticism and idealization. Among his best works in this genre, one can name the picture of the year “Alekseich” - a portrait of a servant who conveys the appearance of an elderly person without manner and fashion and showing the true level of the artist’s talent.

Especially brightly the artist proved himself in the picturesque reconstruction of ancient Russian antiquity. He studied the costumes and utensils of the boyar nobility, and then lovingly wrote them out on his canvases. They even talked about the special Russian style of Makovsky. In the year, Makovsky finished the great historical work “Minin on the Square of Nizhny Novgorod, calling the people to donations,” also known as “Minin's appeal”.

The canvas depicts hundreds of people who sacrifice their money, belongings and clothes to equip the people's militia for the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. The picture was awarded the praise of Maxim Gorky, but critics appreciated it in two ways. Everyone recognized the photographic accuracy of the canvas, but noted that the viewer did not become an accomplice of the action, but remains an admired contemplator.

The significance of the work of Konstantin Makovsky Makovsky was an extremely significant figure in the artistic life of Russia of the last third of the XIX century. His activity has become an example of how extraordinary talent can go to the public. Nevertheless, despite the masquerade and salonity of the artist’s mature work, in his best paintings, he rose to the heights of real art.

List of famous works of Konstantin Makovsky Kozma Minin