Peterhof brief biography

St. Petersburg review program-the main attractions of the city in 4 days. Peterhof is a ceremonial residence of Peter I, which has grown to the limits of a small city, 30 kilometers from St. Petersburg. First of all, the town is associated with a magnificent palace and park complex, built and partially designed by Peter I himself in honor of Russia's exit to the Baltic Sea.

The Peterhof Palace-Park complex is widely known and the largest in the world. The cheerful Peterhof landscape with his green gardens, elegant gold sculptures, delightful water extravagations of numerous fountains delight everyone. The beauty of Peterhof is difficult to express in words. This is a real embodiment of the holiday, regardless of the weather and time of the year.

However, the palace and park complex is the main, but not the only wealth of the marine suburbs of St. Petersburg. But about everything in order. Peterhof translated from German means "the court of Peter." Having conquered these lands from the Swedes, Peter I orders to start the laying of the city here. He originated in the western part of the modern Peterhof, where the "merchant" pier is now.

It was here that two lights were built, in which Peter stopped when he reached the coast from Oranienbaum and further to Kotlin. As you know, Peter I really wanted his city and suburbs to be not much different from the luxurious European capitals of that time. He dreamed of creating a park of "water extravaganza". Initially, Strelna was chosen for the construction of Park Fountains. But later, the architect Minich convinced Peter of the engineering impossibility of this venture in Strelna and the fountains decided to arrange in Peterhof.

Peter I himself worked a lot on projects, a huge number of its drawings were preserved, as well as corrections and drops made on the drawings of architects. The builders continued to adhere to the plan of Peter even after his death. The inhabitants of the city were all those who worked on the creation of parks and palaces. It was for them that houses were built in a small and large settlement.

At first, residential buildings appeared in a chaotic manner, but very soon they were ordered under the leadership of the architect Zemtsov. The construction of the Great Palace in Peterhof began in the year and already in the year it was solemnly discovered. By this time, the appearance of the park ensemble was fully formed: the Montplazir Palace was completed, a special system of fountains was designed, the upper and lower parks were broken.

Peter achieved his own: by the splendor and wealth of design, Peterhof surpassed his prototype - the French Versailles and became the brightest palace ensemble in Europe. Magnificent parks, numerous fountains, gilded and marble statues, the magnificent decoration of the palaces of Peterhof - everything was supposed to demonstrate the wealth and glory of Russia. Fountains, perhaps, the main wealth of Peterhof.

There are more of them here to this day, they work without a single pump. Vasily Tovolkov designed a special water conduit system, the length of which is more than 40 km. It is amazing that there is no water recruits, all the water goes into the Gulf of Finland. In fact, Peterhof fountains are uniquely built along the water. 24 kilometers from Peterhof are Rospenic heights. Here Peter I personally equipped the expedition.

In the course of studying the heights, it was found that they rise by meters above sea level. The place where the Peterhof Palace was built and the arrangement of fountains began at an altitude of only 18 meters above sea level. From the Russian Heights, a channel was dug, which connected these two points. All sources of water above the palace were brought into the channel, so a single water supply system was created.

The channel ends in Peterhof eighteen ponds. The storage ponds are elegantly inscribed in the design of the Upper Park and the city located directly behind the building of the palace. The total area of ​​these reservoirs near the hectares. Water volume is more than 1 m3. In the days of Peter I, metal pipes were not invented, so the water in the fountains went inside the hollow logs.

Big cascade is the main fountain of the complex. The construction of all the fountains of Peterhof was completed only by the middle of the 19th century. The architectural and park ensemble of Peterhof includes palaces, cascades, regular parks-each of them is a separate masterpiece of architectural and garden art. Palaces are the best samples of architecture of the Petrine era.

And Peterhof parks are a real green kingdom, where the walls are a magnificent vegetation of shrubs, underfoot an emerald carpet of terry grass. In the midst of this riot, the colors of the colors whiten openwork bridges and vases, bronze sculptures are majestic. Lower Park and the Great Palace the most visited parts of the complex.

After the death of Peter I, Peterhof was forgotten for a while. But already in the year construction work was resumed. Peterhof received the status of the city in the year. Peterhof for a long time remained his beloved summer residence of the ruling dynasty. However, after the death of Catherine II, he ceased to be popular. The attention of the emperors returned only with the coming to power of Nicholas I.It was by his orders that the fountains of the Lower Garden were decorated with marble and granite; The summer residence of Alexandria appeared.

For the wife of Nicholas I, the "Tsaritsin Pavilion" was built. It is located in the center of Olgin's pond. The architect Benoit is building imperial stables for Nicholas I. The stables are a whole complex of premises, which included utility rooms, an equestrian department, a carriage courtyard and a veterinary clinic. The building is well preserved and is located near the central entrance to the palace-park ensemble.

Imperial stables are depicted on the emblem of the city. In the middle of the XIX century, a railway appears in Peterhof. The building of the Peterhof station is a separate work of architectural art. He is less famous than a beautiful summer residence that strikes with its greatness and scope. However, all lovers of railway travel and Gothic architecture definitely should arrive in Peterhof by train from St.

Petersburg. Openwork parapets, a pattern of stucco details, window bindings and doors is emphasized by Gothic in nature. Pyramidal gear towers on the sides give the handwriting of the author of the project - Alexander Benois. In the year, Peterhof was opened for visiting as a museum complex. During the Second World War, the summer residence and the whole complex were very injured.

Many buildings were blown up, and the parks are mined. Many unique sculptures were lost, despite the efforts of museum ministers. One of the most severe losses of that time was the nozzles of the fountains, which later created the techniques of fountains again from memory, as the drawings were not preserved. The building of the palace was practically destroyed. However, the central cascade has already earned in the year and the reconstruction continued to this day.

In the year, Peterhof celebrated the fly.