Biography of Koba Stalin

This is especially true for the pre -revolutionary period of the leader’s life. Why did it happen and how to explain the appearance of false versions? The answers to these questions were searched by a candidate of historical sciences, a researcher at the State Archive of the Russian Federation Olga Edelman, the author of the study “Stalin, Koba and Soso. Young Stalin in historical sources.

" Stalin in the year. The Tsaritsyn Front Book of Olga Edelman begins very intriguing. Already on the first pages, the author writes that young Stalin looks “like one big mystification: a person with an invented surname, a confusion with the date of birth, doubts about the nationality of Georgians or Ossetians? A diminutive name from Joseph. Then, already at the initial stage of his revolutionary activity, Dzhugashvili began to use this name as one of his party nicknames.

In April, he was first arrested for organizing a demonstration in Batum. In the fall, he was sent into exile in the village of Novaya Ob, Balagansky district of the Irkutsk province. From there, Dzhugashvili soon fled, after which he became a koba. In the novel by Alexander Kazbegi, such a name was bore a romantic robber, a kind of Caucasian Robin Hood. Perhaps it was in honor of this hero in the year of Dzhugashvili, returning to the Caucasus, and took himself a nickname of Koba.

And his most famous pseudonym - Stalin - appeared much later, in the year. And first with the initial K. I think that Koba was meant. I note that the revolutionaries of the beginning of the twentieth century had a lot of nicknames - for different cases. There was a party nickname, according to which the revolutionary was known to his single -party people. In parallel, there could be a literary pseudonym.

By the way, already in the Turukhan exile, becoming Stalin, Dzhugashvili wrote about Stalin in the third person. So he tried to mislead the gendarmes so that they would not identify him with Stalin. Under the pseudonym Ivanovich, he appeared in the protocols of the IV and V party congresses. As you can see, this pseudonym is not connected with the party nickname.

Finally, gendarme surveillance agents gave their nicknames to revolutionaries. So in reality, the nicknames and pseudonyms of Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, of course, are not exhausted by three named, most famous ... - now about the date of birth of Stalin. In the literature, you can find two dates: a textbook, which included in the official biography of the leader - on December 9, and one more - on December 6 18.

Which one seems to you more reliable? However, in his profiles you can find these and other dates. I think he himself was not very interested in knowing exactly when he was born. In general, the pre -revolutionary part of his biography is still poorly understood, replete with ambiguities, gaps, rumors and versions of varying degrees of fantastic and inaccuracy.

And this despite the fact that out of 74 years of his life there are more than half - almost 39 - he lived under the "old regime". There is a clear imbalance: whole libraries of research are written about the post-revolutionary period of Stalin, and his activities are still in the shade. But he came to power with the luggage of life experience, with the formed sympathies and antipathies.

All this could not but affect the behavior of Stalin-Energy ... Modesty decorates a person-what is the reason for such a low degree of knowledge of the issue? Those that are are very specific: there are not a single category of sources about young Stalin, which a priori would deserve trust.

All memoirists wrote from some kind of political position. Roughly speaking, the authors were divided into frank enemies, who did not accuse Stalin of, and too hard friends who assured that Stalin led everyone from a young age. Joseph Dzhugashvili was born in a poor family of a shoemaker in the city of Gori Tiflis province in general, the life of Joseph Dzhugashvili, a revolutionary-illegal, was such that it excluded the possibility of exists of third-party, more or less objective and at the same time informed observers.

He did not have close people who were ready to tell about him. Comrades in power, those who knew him of a young man and underground, such as Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Vyacheslav Molotov, Mikhail Tskhakaya, did not leave Memoarov about him. The memoirist closest to him is the daughter of Svetlana. Her attitude towards her father was difficult, and it is clear that she was not an eyewitness to events related to his young years.

Stalin's youth went in a revolutionary underground, prisons and links. Information card on I. Dzhugashvili from the archives of the secret police in St. Petersburg. For about a year, the reliability of the certificates of memoirists can be checked using the information contained in the gendarme documents. However, sources from the bowels of the gendarme department, for obvious reasons, often demonstrate the low awareness of their authors.

And how else, it was about a member of a well -conspiracy underground, in every possible way sought to confuse the guard. So, exploring the biography of Stalin, you have to encounter several mutually exclusive versions of the same events and try to build a more or less consistent picture. Children's nickname Dzhugashvili - Soso, a diminutive name from Joseph.In the year, he became a koba - in honor of the hero of the novel by Alexander Kazbegi, who created the image of a kind of Caucasian Robin Hood.

And the most famous pseudonym - Stalin - Jugashvili began to use from a year - one cannot ignore the natural secrecy of the object of the study itself ... - Indeed, it is difficult to call the one who could be considered an intimate friend of Koba. At the same time, during the life of Stalin himself, the facts of his biography, especially regarding his youth, were not pedal.

There were quite a little very stingy publications on this subject. Unlike Lenin, about whose childhood, Tom was written at one time, there was a whole genre of literature on how “Lenin was little with a curly head” about “little Stalin” there were no stories. In the archive, I saw only a few manuscripts written by his acquaintances in childhood. But these "biographies of the leader" were never published.

During the life of the leader, his complete scientific biography did not work out. Instead, Stalin sent his efforts to the publication of collected works. Which is very smart. This made it possible to get away from the publication of a detailed biography and at the same time create a body of texts suitable for quoting. In years, some old party members still enthusiastically talked about their revolutionary exploits, which I, if I were in the place of Stalin, would also forbid to publish anything.

These, for example, are stories about how cleverly stabbed right on the street of the Tsarist Security agent. Or about how they filled the bomb. The ruling party needs to have a decent look, and here is almost criminality. In addition, those who came to power should not have given their enemies instructions for combating the regime. And the experience of the Bolsheviks was the experience of such a struggle.

The latter asked the leader the following question: “You are for decades for underground work. You had to underground both weapons and literature, etc., do you think that the enemies of the Soviet government can borrow your experience and fight the Soviet power by the same methods? Agree that it is somehow unreasonable to publish in fact your own instructions for organizing underground work.

Why will the authorities teach this their potential opponents? Finally, let's not forget: already in the years, biography of party leaders became an instrument of intra -party struggle. While Stalin was moving towards power, publications appeared in the press, for example, letters of Yakov Sverdlov from the Turukhansky link about the heavy character of Koba or the letters of Stalin himself, where he responds about a storm in a glass of water.

Then it was compromising evidence. It is not surprising that, having established himself in power, Stalin, by the beginning, took under his tight control everything that went out of print regarding not only his own revolutionary past, but also the history of the party in general. Provocateur, action movie, criminal? To disclose the details of its biography in the conditions of an acute in -party struggle, accompanied by a war of not just compromising evidence, but often distributed by groundless rumors, would be clearly imprudent.

And Stalin was in no hurry to do this ... - Stalin was often declared an agent of the tsarist guard. However, all archival searches did not decisively give any reliable evidence of cooperation by Joseph Dzhugashvili with the police, but there were many serious arguments that did not allow to develop such suspicions. The announced version is unambiguously refuted by Zinaida Peregudova in her articles and the book “Political Investigation of Russia.

After the publication of her work, there is no reason to consider Stalin as an agent of the tsarist guard. Peregudova convincingly proved that the so -called “letter of Yeremin”, on which the accusations against Stalin for many years were issued this letter issued for part of the correspondence of gendarme officers, is nothing more than a fake. Future leaders of the Soviet state Joseph Stalin in the upper third of the third and Yakov Sverdlov in the upper row in the third on the right in exile in the Turukhansky Territory.

He was also accused of the fact that he was an expert bandit, and also a terrible coward, if possible, evading danger. Of course, you can imagine a combination in one person of an action movie, an improver and a criminal. But how could the same person also be a coward? Here we once again come across the complete inconsistency of the Stalinist enemies. And Stalin was blamed for the very action for which Kamo was considered a hero.

However, Koba did not participate directly in the Exse. The surnames of all the militants who took part in it are known. They were caught and tried. Dzhugashvili was not among them. And it is clear why: by that time he had already become a prominent party figure. And he had someone to send to business. Say, the same Kamo with whom they were countrymen.

I can’t believe that Koba himself ran with bombs. But to send money abroad, Vladimir Lenin Dzhugashvili could have and, most likely, had to do with it.