Detailed biography of Hippocrates

The works of Hippocrates, which became the basis for the further development of clinical medicine, reflect the idea of ​​the integrity of the body; an individual approach to the patient and his treatment; The concept of an anamnesis; The teachings of etiology, forecast, temperament, etc. with the name of Hippocrates are associated with the idea of ​​the high moral appearance and sample of the ethical behavior of the doctor.

The Hippocrates is attributed to the text of the Ethics Code of the ancient Greek doctors “The Oath of Hippocrates”, which became the basis of obligations that were subsequently received by doctors in many countries. Podoprigora, A. Hippocrates from a braid approx. The famous Greek doctor, "Father of medicine." His school was located at the tomb of Asklepiy on the Kos, however, he taught medicine throughout Greece.

It is believed that Hippocrates were the first to single out medicine as an independent discipline and tried to save it from superstitions, looking for natural causes of diseases through scientific observations. It is unlikely that the extensive medical works of the Hippocrates school are written personally by Hippocrates, but they all carry traces of his teachings. Back at the beginning of the nineteenth century, doctors used treatment and diet methods very close to the proposed Hippocrates.

To this day, there is a tradition that obliges young doctors to accept the HAC called the "oath of Hippocrates", in which the main ethical postulates of the doctor are formulated. Who is who in the ancient world. Ancient Greek and ancient Roman classics. Compiled by Betty Radis. Translation from English by Mikhail Umnov. Hippocrates Lat. Hippocrates, approx. They have written 58 works.

He believed that diseases were not sent by God, but are due to the influence of the world, nutrition, and lifestyle. He looked at medicine and philosophy as two equal sciences, tried to combine them and share them. He presented the concept of an anamnesis, the doctrine of etiology, forecast, temperament. The ethics of doctors carefully developed by Hippocrates against patients, which is accepted today as the basis of the doctor’s behavior, is reflected in the so -called “oath of Hippocrates”.

Graidin N. Antiquity from A to Y. Hippocrates from the Hippokrates braid traditional dates - approx. A doctor that is known very little about. Obviously, he died in Larissa Fessalia. The meeting of about 60 medical works, known as the Hippocrates Corps, is written in the ionic dialect. Since these works were created approximately between and G. among the works under consideration should be mentioned “about ancient medicine”, “about a sacred disease” about epilepsy, “on air, waters and areas”, as well as “epidemics”.

Hippocrates' own work, apparently, is lost, since none of the works of the Hippocratic corps can be unequivocally attributed to him. Hippocrates was considered an exemplary doctor who was attributed to the creation of the Hippocratic oath. He has been known since Plato. Adkins L. Ancient Greece. Encyclopedic reference book. Kos, - approx. In the treatise “On the Holy Disease”, so ancient Greeks called epilepsy proved that all diseases are caused by natural causes.

In the works of Hippocrates, acquaintance with natural philosophy of the 5th century BC is found. In the essay “On the air, waters and areas” the idea of ​​the influence of geographical conditions and climate on the characteristics of the body, the properties of the nature of the inhabitants and even on the social system are carried out. He allocated four basic temperaments - sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic.

Under the name of Hippocrates many medical treatises that did not belong to him; The “letters of the Hippocrates” are fake, telling, in particular, about his meetings with Democritus; The so -called hippocrates oath, the starting point for the development of professional medical ethics, is hardly the so -called hippocrates. Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ilyichev, P.

Fedoseev, S. Kovalev, V. Works in the Russian translation: Zap. Rudneva, 1t. Literature: Moon R. Hippocrates was born on the island of Kos for years before our era. The civilization and the language of this island, colonized by the Dorians, were Ionian. Hippocrates belonged to the genus of Asclepiads - corporations of doctors who claimed that it was originating from Asclepius.

The corporation of Asclepiads, which is also called the Koskaya school, retained religious forms and customs in the 5th century BC; So, for example, they took an oath that closely associated students with the teacher, with brothers by profession. However, this religious character of the corporation, if he demanded conditional norms of behavior, did not limit the search for truth that remained strictly scientific.

Hippocrates received the initial medical education from his father, a doctor of Heraclides. For the purpose of scientific improvement in his youth, Hippocrates traveled a lot and studied medicine in different countries in the practice of local doctors and in the vast tables that were posted in the walls of the Esculapa temples. The history of his life is little known; There are legends and stories related to his biography, but they are legendary.

The name of the Hippocrates became collective, and many works of seventy attributed to him belong to other authors, mainly his sons.The researchers recognize the genuine from 18 to 8 works. These are the treatises - “On Winds”, “On air, waters and areas”, “Predictism”, “On diet in acute diseases”, the first and third books “Epidemics”, “Aphorisms” The first four sections, the surgical treatises “On the joints” and “On fractures”, which are masterpieces of the “Collection”.

There are several works of Hippocrates of the ethical direction: “Oath”, “Law”, “On the doctor”, “On beneficial behavior”, “Instructions”, which at the end of the 5th and early 4th centuries BC will turn the scientific medicine of the Hippocrates into medical humanism. The Hippocrates approach to the causes of the disease was innovative. He believed that the gods are not sent to people, they arise for various, and quite natural, reasons.

Hippocrates first put medicine on scientific foundations and cleansed it of philosophical theories, often contradicting reality that dominated the experimental, experimental side of the matter. The compositions of Hippocrates contain observations of the spread of diseases depending on the external influences of the atmosphere, seasons, wind, water and their result - the physiological actions of these influences on the healthy organism of the person.

The same essays also provide data on climatology of different countries, in the latter the meteorological conditions of the island and the dependence of the disease on these conditions are more thoroughly studied. Hippocrates divides the causes of diseases into two classes: general harmful effects on the part of the climate, soil, heredity and personal - living conditions and labor, diet, age, etc..

The normal effect on the body of these conditions also causes the correct mixture of juices, which is health for it. Strictly observing the course of diseases, he attached serious importance to various periods of diseases, especially feverish, acute, establishing certain days for a crisis, a fracture of the disease, when the body, according to its teaching, will make an attempt to free himself from the mild juices.

In other works - "On the joints" and "On fractures", operations and surgical interventions are described in detail. From the descriptions of Hippocrates, it is clear that surgery in ancient times was at a very high level; Tools and various dressing techniques used in the medicine of our time were used. In the essay "On the Diet in Acute Diseases," Hippocrates laid the foundation for rational dietetics and pointed out the need to feed sick, even feverish, and for this purpose established diets in relation to the forms of diseases - acute, chronic, surgical, etc.

Hippocrates died about a year BC in Larissa, where he was erected. According to V. Yeger, the Hippocratic texts significantly influenced the post -Chocratic philosophy. In particular, Plato and Aristotle have repeatedly given samples of the Hippocratic method in their writings of the eg. The most famous collection of ancient Greek medical texts is named after Hippocrates - the Hippocrates Collection 72 works collected in the Alexandria Museum no later than the 3rd century.

For the first time, concepts such as “FUSIS” are discussed in detail here - nature, “dynamis” - force widely used in the subsequent philosophical tradition. In the essay “On Blagroral behavior” a close connection of medicine and philosophy is postulated, the need for “transferring wisdom to medicine, and medicine to wisdom, is first recorded; After all, a philosopher is like God.

” Edelstein, it was created in the Pythagorean school. By the name of the collection “Oath”, it was called the Hippocratic and became a model for compiling faculty promises that were made by the doctor of medicine in receiving a degree. The texts of the Hippocratic collection were the subject of in -depth comments of many philosophers and scientists of the era of Hellenism, the Middle Ages, Renaissance and the New Age.

One of the most significant commentators of Hippocrates is the famous Roman doctor and philosopher Galen. The “aphorisms” of Hippocrates, representing the compensation of ancient medicine, enjoyed the greatest fame at all times. The first aphorism is “Life is short, the path of art is long, a convenient case is skilled, the experience is deceptive, the judgment is difficult.

Therefore, not only the doctor himself must use everything that is necessary, but the patient, and the surrounding, and all external circumstances should contribute to the doctor in his activity ” - he became widely known, his beginning is often quoted -“ Vita Brevis, Ars Longa Gurkin is a new philosophical encyclopedia. In four volumes. Stepin, A. Huseynov, G. Hippocrates to the n.

He received the first knowledge of medicine from his father.

At twenty, he was dedicated to the priests, without which it was impossible to engage in medical practice. He was a wandering doctor, visited many cities of Greece and Asia Minor. In his medical practice, he used healing herbs, Hippocrates massage, gymnastics, and water procedures. In the essay “On a Holy Disease” he defended the idea that all diseases are of natural origin. He believed that the doctor should treat not the disease, but the patient, taking into account his individual characteristics and the environment.In his opinion, the organ of thinking and sensations is the brain.

It proceeded from the idea of ​​the ratio of four “juices” of blood, mucus, yellow and black bile in a human gel.